Windows 10

Windows 11 FAQ

Crashes, Hangs and Reboots

1. What is a Crash?

A crash occurs when a misbehaving program or driver shutdowns Windows 10 completely and displays an error message. On Windows 11 this is usually a Stop Message. Sometimes the faulty program will just stop responding and either hangs or shuts it self down and display the desktop. Fortunately, Windows 10 is very stable, and only the program will crash and not Windows.

2. What is a Hang, freeze or slow system?

Hanging, freezing or unresponsiveness can be caused by a program using too much CPU time (see Task Manager or Resource Manager) and not allowing Windows or other programs to run. Bad hardware or drivers can also cause freezing as the hardware is either incorrectly installed, or the drivers has bugs or some other problem. For more advanced troubleshooting you can download more tools such as Process Explorer, Process Monitor, and other tools from SysInternals.

3. What is a Reboot?

A reboot is when a serious problem occurs and the computer unexpectedly shuts down and restarts. This is usually caused by hardware problems such as overheating CPU or component or not enough power to the system. Power spikes and surges can also cause reboots as well, a spike protection device or a UPS (Uninterruptable Power Supply) can fix those problems. A reboot can be initiated via the Start menu, power option and select Restart or via the command line with the Shutdown /R command.

4. How do I troubleshoot crashes, hangs and reboots?

When you can back into your system, load up the Event Viewer (eventvwr.msc) and check the System and Application logs for any recent errors and warnings. These can point you to potential problems on your system. If you have problems with running games or your graphics card or sound card, load DxDiag.exe and check each screen and run the tests to make sure your cards are correctly configured, changing the drivers may help. Also, look in Device Manager to see if there is a problem with any devices on your system, look for yellow exclamation marks next to problematic devices.

5. How do I restore back to a previous configuration?

Use the System Restore tool via the Control Panel, System, System Protection to restore to a previous version of the registry. Just follow the prompts in the Wizard and select a date (it even tells you what you installed at that time). To enable/disable Restore mode, open the System control panel, click on System Restore and tick or untick the box to enable it. If unable to boot, then use Last Known Good Configuration after pressing F8 for Safe Mode menu.

6. How do I copy missing files from my DVD?

Most files for Windows are stored on the Windows DVD or installation file. You can also use SFC /SCANNOW to replace corrupt or missing system files.
To replace individual files, you can use SFC /ScanFile=<path to system file> to scan and replace a corrupt file. Any replacement files are copied from the relevant folder in C:\Windows\WinSxS (Windows Side by Side) folder. If SFC fails, you can use the DISM /Online /Cleanup-Image /RestoreHealth command. Finally, you should remove and re-install the application to re-install the missing files.

7. What does the error message mean on a Blue STOP screen?

These STOP message occurs when a fatal error occurs which Windows cannot easily recover, sometimes a reboot will recover, if not then you need to boot into Safe Mode (press F8) when starting Windows or use the Recovery/Repairs tools from the Windows DVD. See Troubleshooting Stop errors for diagnosing this errors.

To repair Windows 11, when it does not boot, you need to boot from the Windows 11 press F8 (or press Shift key and select Restart) and select Repair Your Computer.

8. My PC is constantly shutting down. For example, LSASS, RPC, RPCSS or DCOM is shutting down?

This is usually caused by your PC being infected with malware that is shutting down essential operating system services which causes your system to shut down unexpectedly.
You must install or enable a Firewall and an Antivirus program to prevent these types of attack.

9. How do I repair my Windows 11 installation?

a) You can either use the SFC /SCANNOW or /SCANFILE, or DISM utilitiy to repair and replace missing system files.
b) Reboot the PC, press F8 and select the Last Known Good Configuration during boot up to use a previous version of Registry.
c) You can use System Restore to restore Windows to a previous good state.
d) Reboot the PC, press F8, and Refresh the computer to repair Windows (keeps data and programs)
e) Reboot the PC, press F8, and Reset the computer to reinstall Windows (loses data and programs)

If your computer has a Recovery disk or partition then see the manufacturer's web site on how to recovery your computer.

10. My computer has suddenly become a lot slower?

A recent program installation could cause this. It may be a legitimate program which is taking too long to complete a task and taking up too much cpu or disk usage (use Task Manager) to find out which process is causing it. Sometime a virus, spyware or other malware can cause system slow downs. Run a full virus scan of the hard disk and a scan with a Antispyware product may find some unwanted programs (sometimes known as PUPs - Potentially Unwanted Programs).

11. How do I get to the Recovery Console or Command Prompt?

You can do the following two ways:
a) Press F8 during bootup of Windows from the Hard disk and select Safe Mode with Command Prompt.
b) Press Ctrl+Alt+Del, press the SHIFT key and select Restart from the power menu (bottom right).
c) Boot from the Windows 11 DVD or repair disc, select the recovery options.
d) Use a Windows PE disc to get to a command prompt.
e) If Windows is loaded, press Windows key and X key to get the admin tool menu.

Recovery options

e) If you click on Troubleshoot, you get these options (Reset, Refresh, Advanced options):

Troubleshoot

f) Click on Advanced options and you get these options:
- System Restore. Use to go back to a previous restore point
- System Image. Restore Windows with a specific system image.
- Automatic Repair. Auto fix problems stopping Windows from starting
- Command Prompt. Open a command prompt
- Startup Settings. Change Windows startup behaivour e.g. low-res mode, debugging, safe mode etc.

Advanced options

f) You can access the command line and run the following fault finding tools:
- BCDEDIT - Boot manager tools (/enum = view settings, /import = import settings from backup , /create = new entry etc)
- SFC - System file checker. Checks and repairs system files.
- DISKPART - Disk partitioner tool.
- TASKMGR - Task manager tool
- TAKEOWN - Take ownership of folders and files.
- ICACLS - Change permissions for files and folders (ACLs)
- REGEDT32 - Registry editor
- CHKDSK - Check a disk for errors
- EXIT - Close command shell and back to menu

12. Where can I find the System Restore program?

System Restore can be found in:
a) Control Panel, System and Security,System, System Protection, System Restore
c) Open the System Configuration tool (msconfig.exe), select Tools, System Restore
d) Press Windows key + R, type in rstrui.exe.

13. How do I check or backup my BCD boot settings?

You can use the BCDEdit /export command or use the new EasyBCD program from Neosmart.

14. How do I create a Recovery drive or disk, so I can use it to reinstall Windows?

You need to have created a Recovery drive or disc so that you can use it to refresh or reset your PC.
Click on Control Panel, enter 'Recovery' in the Search box and then click on Create a Recovery drive.
You can use a large USB drive or a seperate parition or second hard disk to store the recovery information (note, the disk
will be erased first).

If you have downloaded the Windows 11 installation you have an option to create a bootable USB disk or an ISO, that ISO
can be found in a WindowsESD folder on your hard disk, and you can use that to create a bootable disk to reinstall Windows.

If you create a recovery partition (approx 4096 MB), you can copy the INSTALL.WIM file from the Windows 11 installation to
that partition and point Windows to it, if you need to do a Refresh installation of your system. For example, if the recovery partition
is called R: drive and the image file in in a folder called Win11-Recovery, enter this command:

MD R:\Win11-Recovery

XCOPY D:\Sources\Image.wim R:\Win11-Recovery

REAGENTC.EXE /setosimage /Path R:\Win11-Recovery /index 1

REAGENTC.EXE /Info

Disks and CD Recording